Introdução: Em 2015, a tuberculose (TB) se tornou a principal causa de mortes por doenças infecciosas no mundo, ultrapassando as estatísticas do HIV. Em 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde declarou a COVID-19 como uma emergência pública e internacional e assim, superou o número de óbitos/dia em relação à TB. Estudos atuais demonstram possíveis interações entre o Mycobacterium tuberculosis e o Sars-CoV-2, além de relacionar diretamente o uso prolongado de corticosteroides usados no tratamento de pneumonia em organização pós-COVID-19, com a possível reativação de TB latente nos pacientes. Somado a isso, sequelas causadas pela COVID-19 podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de TB multirresistente. Objetivos: Este estudo buscou identificar a importância de considerar o diagnóstico da TB em associação à COVID-19. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com utilização de bases de dados como Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciElo), PubMed e UpToDate com materiais disponíveis de 2015 a 2021. Resultados: Estudos utilizando resultados de fluido de lavagem broncoalveolar e de células mononucleares do sangue periférico demonstraram que a TB em sua forma ativa e subclínica apresenta maiores chances de desenvolver no paciente a COVID-19 em sua forma mais grave devido ao crescimento da quantidade de subpopulações mieloides circulantes. Além disso, o uso dos medicamentos tuberculostáticos têm potencial nefrotóxico e hepatotóxico e, por isso, apresentam risco ao serem utilizados na sua dose plena em pacientes infectados com Sars-CoV-2 que estão no seu estágio mais grave. Em conjunto, o uso de drogas imunossupressoras utilizadas na infecção da COVID-19 aponta o potencial de ativar ou favorecer a infecção do patógeno da TB. Conclusão: A TB é uma doença que acompanha a humanidade há milênios e, até os dias atuais, é um grande problema de saúde pública. A COVID-19 é uma doença nova, mas que mostrou ter características sistêmicas no organismo e com a capacidade de interagir e modificar outras patologias. Apesar da tuberculose apresentar tratamento solidificado, é imprescindível que haja a suspeita para a coinfecção, pois estes pacientes apresentam 25% menos chance de conseguir se recuperar da COVID-19 além de ter maior risco de possíveis desfechos negativos.
Publicado
2021-10-07
Como Citar
Fonseca , V. ., Azevedo, H. G. D. ., Rosa, P. S. ., & Fonseca, G. E. O. D. . (2021). COINFECÇÃO POR TUBERCULOSE E COVID-19: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 19. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2160
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