Introdução: A transmissão vertical é responsável pela principal via de infecção do HIV em crianças. Com isso, durante o pré-natal, são realizadas medidas preventivas para diminuição do risco dessa transmissão, tais como a diagnose antecipada e, caso haja infecção, a utilização adequada de terapia antirretroviral, que promove a diminuição da carga viral na gestante. Objetivos: Abordar a importância do diagnóstico precoce da gestante e o uso da terapia antirretroviral para a redução da transmissão vertical do HIV. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão literária, do tipo descritiva e bibliográfica, baseado na seleção de artigos no SCIELO e PubMed. Resultados: A transmissão vertical, no Brasil, tem sido responsável por cerca de 84% dos casos de AIDS em crianças de até 13 anos de idade. A probabilidade da ocorrência da transmissão vertical mãe-filho pode atingir 25,5% quando não há intervenções preventivas, todavia, esse percentual poderá ser reduzido para níveis entre zero e 2%, quando são realizadas ações de prevenção. Em relação ao conhecimento das gestantes quanto ao seu quadro de infecção, constatou-se que mais de 50% das mulheres se descobriram infectadas durante o pré-natal, período no qual a redução da transmissão vertical do HIV pode ser alcançada de forma mais efetiva, caso haja a diagnose precoce da infecção nesse período. Por fim, foi observado, em estudo publicado em 2011, que 69,7% das mães que fizeram o uso do tratamento antirretroviral, ao longo do período gestacional, tiveram uma queda na taxa de transmissão vertical. De acordo com os fatos expostos, verifica-se que a adoção das medidas de controle, especialmente o diagnóstico precoce e o uso de antirretrovirais pela gestante portadora de HIV, apontam uma diminuição nas taxas da transmissão mãe-filho. Conclusão: Portanto, é fundamental a adoção de medidas de prevenção, como o reconhecimento antecipado da infecção na gestante e, se indicado, a utilização da terapia antirretroviral durante a gestação, a serem aderidas durante o período do pré-natal, a fim de alcançar a redução no risco de transmissão vertical do HIV.
Publicado
2021-10-07
Como Citar
Vaz, N. D. S. G. ., Vaz, G. D. S. G. ., & Moraes, A. C. Q. D. . (2021). MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS NA TRANSMISSÃO VERTICAL DO HIV: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 10. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/2148
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