APLICAÇÃO DE CÉLULAS-TRONCO NO TRATAMENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO I

Autores

  • Lucas Moura Magalhães
  • Nadine Tessari Ramires
  • Carina Zuppa

Palavras-chave:

células tronco, diabetes mellitus, tratamento

Resumo

INTRODUÇÃO: Diabetes Mellitus, é uma desordem metabólica crônica, caracterizada pela hiperglicemia que a longo prazo, pode ocasionar complicações e danos aos organismo. O diabetes tem vários processos patogênicos e também apresenta diferentes classes clínicas, como é o caso da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), devido ao seu grande impacto na sociedade, acometendo principalmente crianças e adolescentes, o número cada vez maior de portadores, presença de incapacitação e pela ocorrência de diversas complicações decorrentes do DM1, além do elevado custo financeiro com seu controle e tratamento. Diante disso, estudos com células-tronco pluripotentes comprovam a eficácia no tratamento das ilhotas pancreáticas na metabolização da insulina. OBJETIVO: Tem como objetivo compreender a aplicação de células-tronco em pacientes com DM1. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica em artigos científicos. Utilizou-se o banco de dados google acadêmico com as palavras chaves diabetes mellitus, células tronco, tratamento. RESULTADOS: As células-tronco tem função de produzir todo e qualquer tipo de célula e tecidos no corpo, incluindo tecidos embrionários e extraembrionários. Estudos mostram a diferenciação de células-tronco embrionárias humanas em células β-pancreáticas, que sintetizam insulina para o tratamento dela. Uma das revisões relata a vantagem da utilização de células-tronco embrionárias, pois sua obtenção é menos burocrática e oferece a solução de problemas de rejeição imunológica quando transplantadas. Entretanto, embora a utilização de células-tronco pluripotentes seja positiva, uma revisão relata que há diferenças genômicas dentre as populações de células tronco embrionárias e pluripotentes induzidas, seja pela sua pré-existência como célula adulta ou pela forma com que foi reprogramada. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que os transplantes de células-tronco em indivíduos com DM1 fez com que houvesse diminuição da utilização de insulina nesses pacientes, alguns chegando a passar meses sem utilizá-las, porém, eles não foram curados, a maior parte teve que adquirir insulina novamente meses depois do tratamento, em quantidade menor, ou seja, mesmo com todos os estudos já feitos até o momento, ainda não descobriram um método que chegue a 100% de eficácia, sem que houvesse regressão ou alguma alteração genômica. Novas pesquisas continuam sendo desenvolvidas, para que possam diminuir as chances de falha nesse tratamento e buscar um possível tratamento eficiente.

Publicado

2020-07-01

Como Citar

Moura Magalhães, L. ., Tessari Ramires, N. ., & Zuppa, C. . (2020). APLICAÇÃO DE CÉLULAS-TRONCO NO TRATAMENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO I. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 1(2), 38. Recuperado de http://editoraime.com.br/revistas/rems/article/view/212
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