Introdução: A leishmaniose é um complexo de doenças ocasionadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, que ainda caracteriza-se como emergente e sem controle, com uma incidência anual de 1,5 a 2 milhões de casos. Dentre as opções de tratamento existentes, a farmacoterapia é a mais ideal, entretanto, limitada, pois a maioria destas drogas apresentam elevada toxicidade e ocasionam efeitos adversos graves. Assim, impulsionando a busca por fármacos mais efetivos e menos tóxicos. Objetivos: Apresentar novas farmacoterapias promissoras no tratamento da leishmaniose. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura produzida a partir da análise de estudos científicos no idioma inglês, publicados entre os anos de 2018 e 2021. A pesquisa foi realizada nos bancos de dados ScienceDirect e LILACS, utilizando os descritores: “leishmania potential drugs”, “anti-leishmania drugs” e “leishmanicidal activity”. Inicialmente, dos 621 estudos encontrados nas bases de dados, vinte foram selecionados para leitura e fichamento, dos quais, o total de dez enquadraram-se no tema, por contemplarem de forma concisa os objetivos da revisão. O critério de exclusão, por sua vez, foi a não correlação direta dos artigos com os objetivos do trabalho. Resultados: As recentes pesquisas têm apresentado inúmeras alternativas terapêuticas promissoras para o tratamento da leishmaniose, por meio de fármacos projetados com base em moléculas de atividade já conhecida, porém de maior atividade e menor potencial tóxico. Neste sentido, derivados indol-tiossemicarbazonas demonstraram efeitos leishmanicidas, após levar o parasita à inviabilidade celular e exibir baixa citoxicidade em células animais. Ensaios envolvendo um derivado quinolina, por sua vez, apresentaram uma redução significativa na carga parasitária, além de baixos níveis de toxicidade e propriedades farmacocinéticas adequadas. Além disso, diferentes estudos envolvendo complexos metálicos ligados a trimetroprima e diclofenaco, apontaram considerável atividade leishmanicida e menor citotoxicidade, para ambos os candidatos. A literatura relata ainda, a existência de incontáveis outras moléculas em análise, que possuem o conjunto de critérios necessários para sua aplicação como agentes anti-leishmania. Conclusão: As evidências sugeriram que existem diversas possibilidades de novos fármacos leishmanicidas que apresentam efetividade e segurança, o que, só reforça a necessidade do desenvolvimento destes estudos para definir melhorias nos tratamentos da doença.
Publicado
2021-09-10
Como Citar
Silva, T. M. da ., Oliveira, E. F. D. S. ., Sousa, M. D. F. D. ., Farias, V. D. S. ., & Santos, G. D. D. M. . (2021). ALTERNATIVAS FARMACOLÓGICAS PROMISSORAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DA LEISHMANIOSE. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1958
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