Introdução: Ao longo dos anos, mudanças na qualidade de vida vêm impactando diretamente a expectativa de vida humana. Estudos apontam certo envelhecimento mundial. Isso indica a importância de pesquisar a relação do impacto das atividades físicas no organismo e no envelhecimento, principalmente a nível celular, como em estruturas celulares consideradas possíveis marcadores: os telômeros. Compostos por uma curta e repetitiva sequência de DNA rica em guanina (5’-TTAGGG-3’)n, têm a função de proteger a integridade do DNA e a informação genética. Contudo, os telômeros são encurtados a cada ciclo celular, logo, acredita-se que estejam ligados ao envelhecimento biológico e senescência da célula. Para contornar tal situação, algumas células possuem a telomerase, enzima capaz de sintetizar DNA telomérico através de transcriptase reversa. Objetivos: Familiarizar o leitor com a questão atual dos telômeros, fornecendo informações atualizadas e integradas sobre a sua estrutura e função e a possível relação da prática de atividades físicas com seu comprimento e o envelhecimento, além de debater possíveis mecanismos de ação. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica a partir dos bancos de dados PubMed, MEDLINE e LILACS, adotando os seguintes indexadores, em diferentes combinações: telomere(s), telomerase, exercise, physical activity, aging, elderly. E a partir de artigos pré-selecionados foi realizada uma lista de referências. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos alega a associação entre a atividade física e o aumento do comprimento dos telômeros em idosos. No caso de jovens não há diferença significativa. Achados revelam telômeros, em média, 200 pb mais longos em indivíduos idosos que treinavam do que os sem treinamento. Estudos sugerem que atividade física moderada apresenta um efeito protetor no comprimento dos telômeros de leucócitos. Porém, a prática de exercícios de modo intenso possui efeito contrário na proteção dos telômeros. Ou seja, atividades físicas tanto em níveis baixos quanto em altos podem ser fatores que, em longo prazo, favorecem o encurtamento dos telômeros de leucócitos. Conclusão: Alguns estudos apresentam certa limitação, pois os dados sobre atividade física foram autorrelatados, podendo ser tendenciosos. E a inconsistência entre as pesquisas pode ser atribuída às diferentes etnias das amostras, aos métodos utilizados e a outras variáveis não levadas em consideração.
Ferreira, C. E. G. ., Costa, M. A. P. ., Carvalho, R. L. ., & Oliveira, A. S. D. . (2021). A BIOLOGIA DO ENVELHECIMENTO: TELÔMEROS, TELOMERASE E ATIVIDADE FÍSICA (UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA). Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1954
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