CÉLULA VEGETAL, DIVERSIDADE BIOLÓGICA, ENDOSSINBIOSE, ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA, ORGANELA CELULAR
Resumo
Introdução: O genoma do cloroplasto é mais conservado que o genoma nuclear e as mudanças de estrutura, ordem ou conteúdo de sequências do DNA cloroplasmático (cpDNA) são frequentemente usadas para mensurar a diversidade genética vegetal. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a origem e importância filogenética do cpDNA. Material e métodos: foi realizada uma busca a partir de base dados como SciELO Brasil e Web of Science. Resultado: Cloroplasto é plastídio com DNA próprio. É considerada uma organela semiautônoma, devido a capacidade de sintetizar algumas proteínas. A origem evolutiva de plastídios está relacionada a antigos procariotos que viviam em simbiose dentro de eucariotos e que, ao longo da evolução, no ambiente citoplasmático, perdeu a maioria dos seus genes. Neste processo evolutivo, as bactérias precursoras do cloroplasto, transferiram parte de seu material genético para o DNA da célula hospedeira, contando assim com o genoma da célula hospedeira para produzir muitas de suas proteínas. O genoma cloroplástico é relativamente simples e possui uma estrutura circular com apenas 60 a 200 Kpb. Poucos genes cloroplasmáticos possuem íntrons e o espaço intergênico é pequeno, separados por poucos pares de bases. O número de proteínas codificadas pelo cpDNA é pequeno, mas o cloroplasto realiza sua própria replicação e transcrição de DNA e síntese proteica. Esses processos ocorrem na matriz, e, embora as proteínas que medeiam esse processo genético sejam específicas das organelas, a maioria delas é codificada pelo genoma nuclear, por isso o cpDNA é considerado uma organela especializada. Cada cloroplasto possui várias cópias do cpDNA e existem vários cloroplastos por célula. Isto multiplica o conteúdo da sequência básica de cpDNA por célula em dezenas a centenas de vezes. Conclusão: Estudos de cpDNA podem ser utilizados em várias áreas da biologia de plantas como: estudos evolutivos e filogenéticos (estabelecer relações filogenéticas entre espécies, gêneros e famílias), busca da base genética de doenças, clonagem gênica e reprodução, contribuindo para a expansão das pesquisas botânicas e agronômicas. Além disso, o sequenciamento de cpDNA revela características específicas de cada grupo de planta e de seu funcionamento, os quais podem ser amplamente aplicados através de técnicas da biotecnologia.
Publicado
2021-09-10
Como Citar
Amorim , M. R. C. ., Martins, L. O. ., & Caldeira, A. J. R. . (2021). ORIGEM E IMPORTÂNCIA FILOGENÉTICA DO CPDNA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 06. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1946
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