Introdução: A neonatologia é definida como a ciência voltada ao estudo de recém-nascidos. Estima-se que a mortalidade de neonatos nas primeiras semanas de vida seja de 30% e isto está correlacionado com a carência de conhecimento nessa área. Objetivos: Pesquisar e elucidar sobre neonatologia canina e suas particularidades. Material e métodos: O presente trabalho foi realizado através de uma revisão de literatura. Resultados: Os neonatos não são adultos em miniatura, pois diferem-se em aspectos fisiológicos e morfológicos, como termorregulação, funções cardiopulmonar, gastrointestinal, imunológica, renal e hepática. A anamnese deve incluir a realização do teste de Apgar, além de abordar os diversos aspectos reprodutivos, gestacionais, a respeito do parto e da ninhada e, quando associada ao exame físico, é capaz de direcionar o veterinário às chances de diagnósticos. Primeiramente, é feito um exame físico, onde se observa a condição geral deste animal. Em seguida, o exame físico específico que se avalia por áreas e sistemas. No exame do sistema digestivo deve ser realizada a inspeção da cavidade oral, observando a coloração e umidade das mucosas, a presença de malformações e a palpação do lado esquerdo do esôfago. Importante incentivar o reflexo de sucção para a avaliação da sucção. No sistema respiratório, se verifica as narinas para garantir que as pregas alares estão dispostas de maneira a não causar estenose, principalmente em filhotes de raças braquicefálicas. Pela inspeção nasal, pode se identificar defeitos como lábio leporino com comunicação nasal. Já no sistema cardiovascular, o exame começa com a palpação do tórax e a auscultação para determinar a frequência cardíaca que pode ser feita com o auxílio de um Doppler para a identificação de ruídos anormais e sopros cardíacos. A ação neurológica do neonato é controlada pelo tronco cerebral, responsável pelas funções cardíacas e respiratórias, e medula espinhal. O exame neurológico apresenta peculiaridades devido a neurogênese contínua pós nascimento, além das especificidades próprias das raças. Para análise da urina é feita a estimulação do reflexo anogenital. Conclusão: O neonato canino tem particularidades que precisam ser consideradas para um melhor atendimento deste paciente, então, o conhecimento de neonatologia por parte do veterinário é essencial.
Publicado
2021-09-06
Como Citar
Soares, G. D. J. ., Salla, P. D. F., Cabral, V. X. ., Ferreira, I. M. ., & Barcellos, V. A. . (2021). AVALIAÇÃO DE NEONATOS CANINOS E SUAS PARTICULARIDADES. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 107. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1928
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