Introdução: A dirofilariose é uma doença parasitária causada pelo agente etiológico Dirofilaria immitis, que tem como hospedeiro final os cães que são infectados após a picadura de vetores, sendo estes os mosquitos dos gêneros Aedes, Anopheles e Culex. Esse parasito é potencialmente fatal, pois os vermes possuem afinidade pelas artérias pulmonares, causando doença cardiorrespiratória grave nos animais. A presença desses parasitos no coração direito leva a insuficiência cardíaca direita, ocasionando os típicos sinais clínicos de dispneia, tosse, fadiga, perda de peso e intolerância ao esforço físico. As alterações vasculares evoluem de acordo com carga parasitária, no qual é iniciado as manifestações mais graves da doença, desenvolvendo a síndrome da veia cava e, por consequência, o aparecimento da efusão pleural. Objetivo: Correlacionar a presença dos vermes nas artérias pulmonares com o desenvolvimento da síndrome da veia cava e o mecanismo de formação da efusão pleural. Materiais e métodos: A Realização da pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base em literaturas e em plataformas cientificas como Pubvet®, SciELO e Google Acadêmico (Scholar), utilizando os seguintes descritores: dirofilariose, síndrome da veia cava e efusões pleurais. Resultados: A pesquisa demonstrou que cães portadores de dirofilariose desenvolvem a síndrome clínica conforme a sua carga parasitária. A alta carga parasitária estimula o desenvolvimento da síndrome da veia cava, causada pelo movimento retrógado dos parasitos, obstruindo o fluxo sanguíneo para o coração direito e regurgitação da tricúspide diminuindo o retorno venoso. O retorno sanguíneo aumenta a pressão sanguínea da veia cava tendenciando a saída do líquido do meio intravascular para o meio extravascular, ocasionando o acúmulo do líquido na cavidade pleural. Além da efusão pleural, pode haver congestão hepática e ascite. A efusão pleural resulta nos sinais clínicos de taquipneia ou dispneia, dificultando a hematose, consequentemente causando hipóxia, sendo a causa mortis em diversos casos. Conclusão: É importante elucidar a relação entre o surgimento da síndrome da veia cava, da formação de efusões cavitarias e da parasitose por Dirofilária immitis, a fim de facilitar e direcionar o tratamento, manejo e prevenção devido seu grande potencial fatal nas populações de caninos.
Publicado
2021-09-02
Como Citar
Xavier , G. R. ., Pinto, G. D. O. A. ., Freitas, I. D. A. ., & Teixeira, M. N. . (2021). EFUSÃO PLEURAL EM CÃES COM SÍNDROME DA VEIA CAVA PARASITADOS POR DIROFILARIA IMMITIS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 28. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1842
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