Introdução: A ativação do sistema de estresse pode provocar alterações nos circuitos cerebrais, na resposta do sistema imunológico e na atividade de glândulas endócrinas. Os agentes estressores ativam um complexo de estruturas endócrinas do eixo simpato-adrenomedular (SAM) e do eixo hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenocortical (HPA), essenciais nos processos de adaptação ambiental e na manutenção da homeostase interna do organismo, constituindo desse modo sistemas primários de controle ao estresse. Sua desregulação pode potencialmente estabelecer ou contribuir para o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos e alterar mecanismos de ação dos agentes psicotrópicos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar a influência da desregulação hormonal no desenvolvimento de transtornos psicopatológicos além de evidenciar avanços científicos que estabeleçam o elo desse sistema com o processo cognitivo e comportamental humano. Material e métodos: A metodologia abordada nesta revisão bibliográfica é baseada em artigos científicos através das bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo e Nature. As dissertações consultadas foram obtidas através da plataforma da Universidade Federal de Goiás e os livros acadêmicos indexados na base de dados do Scholar Google. Os materiais eletrônicos bibliográficos foram pesquisados sem restrição de ano de publicação, sendo incluídos preferencialmente artigos mais recentes que se vinculavam à proposta do estudo. Resultados: A hiperativação do eixo HPA e o aumento da secreção de glicocorticoides estão envolvidos com a manifestação do transtorno bipolar, ansiedade e subtipos clínicos de depressão, além de modular mecanismos responsáveis pela patogênese da doença de Alzheimer, enquanto a hipoativação está relacionada à tendência de comportamentos agressivos e o estabelecimento do estresse pós-traumático. As alterações nessa interface regulatória e em outros órgãos difusos do sistema endócrino, também desempenham ação significante no desenvolvimento de outros transtornos neuropsiquiátricos como a esquizofrenia, Parkinson e transtorno do espectro autista. Conclusão: Há diversas influências neuro-imune-endócrinas estabelecidas no desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais caracterizados por alterações nos padrões cognitivos e comportamentais, constituindo assim problemas de saúde pública com expressivo impacto econômico, mas ainda negligenciados, principalmente, em países de baixa e média renda, onde não há um tratamento adequado.
Publicado
2020-07-01
Como Citar
Pinheiro de Lima, L. ., & Costa de Araujo, A. L. . (2020). A INFLUÊNCIA DA DESREGULAÇÃO HORMONAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TRANSTORNOS PSICOPATOLÓGICOS. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 1(2), 15. Recuperado de http://editoraime.com.br/revistas/rems/article/view/159
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