Introdução: Fibromialgia é definida com dor musculoesquelética crônica, com acometimento difuso, associada a desordens psicossomáticas. A prevalência média global na população é de 2,7%. A patogênese envolve alterações em neurotransmissores, fatores neuroendócrinos, e neurossensoriais - com amplificação central álgica ou antinocicepção reduzida. Assim, por tratar-se de uma doença multifatorial, requer tratamento holístico, reforçando as medidas não farmacológicas e a participação ativa do paciente. Objetivo: Evidenciar a importância do exercício físico na terapêutica da fibromialgia. Materiais e Métodos: Revisão de literatura integrativa, realizada nos portais eletrônicos PUBMED e SCIELO. Utilizou-se como estratégia de busca os descritores: "fibromyalgia" "physical exercise", combinado pelo operador booleano AND. Como critério de inclusão, elegeram-se artigos publicados de 2016 a abril de 2021, em trabalhos restritos a modelos humanos, sem restrição linguística. Enquanto como critério de exclusão descartaram-se duplicatas e estudos que não abrangeram o recorte de análise. As pesquisas retornaram respectivamente 27 e 4 resultados. Após a interpretação dos títulos e resumos, selecionaram-se 10 trabalhos. Resultados: Desde os primeiros estudos clínicos randomizados foi demonstrado benefícios do exercício físico sobre a fibromialgia, assim como resultados ao longo da realização sustentada, ainda que o paciente relate intolerância nos estágios iniciais após a prática. Dentre esses, a atividade aeróbia melhora a capacidade cardiopulmonar, reduzindo a intensidade da escala da dor e a percepção de fadiga, além de promover qualidade de vida. Os resistivos associaram-se à melhora do bem-estar global, à função física. Os combinados (aeróbios e resistidos ou de flexibilidade) produzem efeitos sobre a depressão, melhoria no limiar da dor e a habilidade motora. Já os exercícios na água (hidroginástica e hidroterapia) melhoram a dor, função física, força muscular, como também possuem resultados positivos sobre a saúde mental. Conclusão: Intervenção da atividade física para pacientes com fibromialgia proporciona ao mesmo tempo melhor condicionamento físico e redução sintomática. O exercício aeróbico reduz a dor e quadros depressivos; treinos resistidos, atenuam a magnitude dos sintomas; em modalidades na água - evidenciam efeitos positivos, contudo não são superiores aos aeróbios. Logo, protocolos indicam que o estímulo à atividade física e tratamento das comorbidades atreladas são essenciais na terapêutica da síndrome fibromialgica.
Publicado
2021-07-28
Como Citar
Gomes, A. B. S. ., Guerra, G. D. S. ., Ribeiro, M. D. D. S. ., & Silva, M. R. D. (2021). A IMPORTÂNCIA DO EXERCÍCIO NA TERAPÊUTICA DA FIBROMIALGIA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 109. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1521
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