Introdução: Biofilmes são comunidades microbianas complexas associada à superfícies bióticas ou abióticas, circundada por uma matriz extracelular polimérica autoproduzida pelos microrganismos ali presente. A formação de biofilme protege os microrganismos de condições ambientais desafiadoras, tornando a antibioticoterapia e mecanismos de defesa imunológica do hospedeiro ineficazes contra bactérias associadas ao biofilme. Objetivo: Este estudo buscou analisar o papel do biofilme como mecanismo que contribui para virulência bacteriana. Material e métodos: Consistiu-se em uma revisão de literatura, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, na base de dados Pubmed, utilizando como termo de busca booleano ((biofilm[Title/Abstract]) AND (virulence mechanism[Title/Abstract])) AND (bacteria*[Title/Abstract]). Foram encontrados 19 artigos, compreendendo o período de 2003 a 2021. Resultados: Por muito tempo acreditava-se que as bactérias viviam isoladas no ambiente, hoje é notório que o fenótipo de biofilme ocorre de forma ubíqua e é a principal forma de vida bacteriana. A formação de biofilme por patógenos oportunistas em implantes biomédicos, é considerado sério problema de saúde pública. Implantes biomédicos colonizados por essas bactérias, são mais resistentes a antibioticoterapia, tempo de internação e gerar maior custo ao sistema. A formação de biofilmes em hospedeiros pode ocorrer também com microrganismos aderindo diretamente a órgãos. Pacientes com fibrose cística, infectados de forma crônica por Pseudomonas aeruginosa com capacidade de formação de biofilme nos pulmões do hospedeiro, são a principal causa de mortalidade em pacientes com esta doença. O desenvolvimento de biofilmes também é um fator relacionado à infecções alimentares. Listeria monocytogenes pode causar gastroenterite, listeriose, septicemia, encefalite, endocardite, meningite e abortos, principalmente quando associado a formação de biofilme. A formação de biofilmes também pode contribuir para a transmissão de genes de resistência a antibióticos em sistemas de distribuição de água potável. Estudos detectaram um aumento da presença de bactérias resistentes à antibióticos em tubulações industriais com presença de biofilmes. Conclusão: Biofilmes compreendem o principal estilo de vida bacteriano. A melhor compreensão do estabelecimento desse fenótipo como um mecanismo de virulência e a sua relevância biológica são essenciais para criar soluções para problemas causados por biofilmes, bem como para aplicar a biossíntese de biofilmes sem situações benéficas.
Publicado
2021-07-28
Como Citar
Veríssimo , G. S. L. ., Souza, I. B. D. ., & Ristow, P. C. L. V. B. (2021). BIOFILME: MECANISMO DE VIRULÊNCIA BACTERIANA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1503
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