Depressão, Farmacogenética, Farmacogenômica, Genética, Tratamento da depressão
Resumo
Introdução: A depressão tornou-se uma doença de preocupação mundial nos últimos anos, devido ao crescente número de casos. Seu desenvolvimento depende de fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos, como os fatores genéticos, que foram os principais abordados neste estudo. Novas abordagens de tratamento vêm sendo desenvolvidos para auxiliar profissionais da saúde a realizar uma terapêutica ideal ao paciente. Através da farmacogenética e a farmacogenômica é possível desenvolver tratamentos baseados nos polimorfismos encontrados nos genes envolvidos, junto a medicamentos indicados para o tratamento da enfermidade em questão, e assim, é possível compreender a metabolização deste nos pacientes. Alguns estudos evidenciam a relação dos genes CYP2C16 e o CYP2D6 como os de maior relevância para compreensão dessa interação na depressão. Objetivo: Compreender como a farmacogenética pode auxiliar para terapêutica mais eficiente no tratamento da depressão. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão nas bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), (National Center for Biotechnology Information) NCBI, sites governamentais e não governamentais. Os descritores utilizados foram: depressão, genes, farmacogenética e farmacogenômica, medicina de precisão e tratamento para depressão, sendo selecionados artigos e sites em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Através da revisão realizada foi possível observar que polimorfismos encontrados na estrutura dos genes envolvidos são a chave para o desencadeamento da doença. Os medicamentos utilizados para o tratamento da doença, atuam através da recaptação de neurotransmissores que se apresentam em baixa durante o quadro depressivo, com auxílio de alelos dos genes, principalmente, CYP2D6 e CYP2C19. Foram identificados mais de 100 alelos polimórficos na CYP2D6, enquanto na CYP2C19, cerca de 30 variantes. Esses alelos influenciam no metabolismo de medicamentos antidepressivos e para categorização do mesmo em ultrarrápido, rápido, intermediário ou lentos, já existem formas descritas de quantificação do status funcional em cada um dos dois genes estudados. Conclusão: Dentre os genes envolvidos na depressão, a CYP2C19 e o CYP2D6 se apresentam com maior frequência na metabolização dos medicamentos utilizados para o tratamento da doença. Por esse motivo o estudo da farmacogenética e a farmacogenômica é necessário para se promover a saúde do indivíduo, assegurando seu bem-estar integral e garantindo tratamentos com grande eficácia.
Publicado
2020-07-01
Como Citar
Alves Ribeiro, M. ., & de Jesus Souza, C. A. . (2020). A FARMACOGENÉTICA NO TRATAMENTO PARA DEPRESSÃO. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 1(2), 6. Recuperado de http://editoraime.com.br/revistas/rems/article/view/142
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