Introdução: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é uma das bactérias mais virulentas entre patógenos oportunistas e seu perfil virulento está relacionado ao seu genoma complexo e uma grande variedade de fatores de virulência, como a capacidade de formar biofilmes, que além de exercer papel fundamental na proteção das bactérias, é considerado um mecanismo facilitador da colonização, principalmente em equipamentos cirúrgicos, devido à sua contribuição para a adesão. Objetivo: Descrever a formação de biofilme de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e sua incidência em casos agudos e crônicos de infecção pulmonar. Material e métodos: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed e MEDLINE, com os descritores: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, “biofilm”, “lungs”. Não foram selecionados filtros nos bancos de dados e foram selecionados artigos dos últimos 8 anos relacionados com nosso objetivo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. A produção de biofilme por parte das pseudomonas ocorre quando há um quorum, A partir disto, irão desencadear a produção de N-acil-homoserina lactona, responsável pela ativação da expressão de genes produtores de polissacarídeos que estarão intimamente associados com a rede de adesão, unindo tanto os microrganismos entre si, como à superfície. Há diferenças genotípicas e fenotípicas em isolados de P. aeruginosa de infecções agudas e crônicas, na qual agudas apresentam maior expressão de fatores de virulência como estruturas da superfície, produtos extracelulares e sistemas de secreção, enquanto as crônicas focam em obter alta expressão de exopolissacarídeos, gerando cepas mucóides que formam biofilmes resistentes aos antimicrobianos e ao sistema imune em geral, tornado difícil erradicação e depleção da função pulmonar. Essa tendência à cronificação e complicações pulmonares são observadas em pacientes com lesões por aparelhos hospitalares e pacientes com fibrose cística, devido a mutação no gene CFTR que causa desequilíbrios como aumento da viscosidade do muco, beneficiando tanto P. aeruginosa como outros microrganismos formadores de biofilme. Conclusão: A formação do biofilme contribui para a perduração da infecção e, em alguns casos, cronicidade, causando principalmente a resistência antimicrobiana. Entender os mecanismos de formação do biofilme é extremamente importante para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas, visto o caráter oportunista da infecção e a fragilidade imunológica dos pacientes acometidos.
Publicado
2021-06-12
Como Citar
Silva, T. M. de M. ., Magalhães, C. B. T., Oliveira, V. L. C. D., & Franco, V. M. D. F. (2021). FORMAÇÃO DE BIOFILME EM INFECÇÕES PULMONARES POR PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1194
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