Introdução: Streptococcus pneumoniae é uma bactéria Gram positiva que comumente coloniza a nasofaringe e a orofaringe de indivíduos saudáveis. Em 2010, o Brasil se tornou pioneiro na introdução da vacina pneumocócica conjugada decavalente (PCV10) como parte do calendário de imunização nacional infantil. Ainda que a estratégia de imunoprevenção esteja disponível, este patógeno permanece como importante causa de doenças que variam em severidade como: otite média, pneumonia e meningite. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de colonização de S.pneumoniae em crianças menores de 5 anos, a taxa de resistência antimicrobiana em isolados e o impacto da PCV10 no Brasil. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura não sistemática a partir da seleção de artigos científicos disponíveis na base de dados Pubmed. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores acrescidos do termo booleano “AND”: "carrier state", "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Brazil" e "children". Após seleção, foram encontrados 9 artigos originais publicados entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020, disponíveis online em texto completo e de acesso livre. A coleta de dados foi conduzida inicialmente a partir de leitura exploratória do resumo de todo o material selecionado, seguido de leitura seletiva mais aprofundada das publicações. Destes, dois artigos foram incluídos para análise. As informações extraídas foram registradas em tabela no programa Excel (Microsoft for Windows versão 10, 2013) contendo informações sobre título, autores, ano de publicação, desenho e local do estudo, prevalência de colonização, número de isolados, resistência antimicrobiana e efeito da vacinação. Resultados: A revisão revelou elevada prevalência de colonização nas crianças não vacinadas com a PCV10 em comparação com as já vacinadas (19,8% vs 1,8%, respectivamente). Entretanto, houve aumento do sorotipo 6C e de outros sorotipos não vacinais. Novos sorotipos emergentes tem se destacado, bem como, aumento de isolados multidroga resistentes. Conclusão: A vacinação tem se mostrado efetiva e condizente com as expectativas para a população alvo. Entretanto, o monitoramento das cepas circulantes é necessário no que tange ao perfil epidemiológico da colonização nasofaríngea e os isolados de doença invasiva. A resistência a múltiplos antimicrobianos destaca a importância do uso racional de medicamentos, para que não se restrinjam as opções terapêuticas.
Publicado
2021-06-12
Como Citar
Alves , S. S., & Santos, M. S. D. . (2021). COLONIZAÇÃO NASOFARÍNGEA POR STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE NO BRASIL: UMA BREVE REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 30. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1187
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