COLIFORMES, CONTAMINAÇÃO, MICRORGANISMOS PATOGÊNICOS, POÇOS ARTESIANOS, POTABILIDADE DA ÁGUA
Resumo
Introdução: O abastecimento hídrico na zona rural ocorre, em grande parte, pela captação de água subterrânea em poços domiciliares. Nesses locais, é comum que a água consumida não seja submetida à análises microbiológicas e tratamento, tornando-se um importante fator de risco na ocorrência de doenças diarreicas de natureza infecciosa, uma vez que os solos rurais estão intensamente sob o uso agrícola, pecuário e expostos aos despejos domésticos. Bactérias do grupo coliforme são indicadoras de contaminação por microrganismos patogênicos de veiculação hídrica. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de um poço artesiano que abastece oito famílias, na comunidade rural de São João das Missões, São Miguel das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul. Material e Métodos: O poço artesiano em estudo possui 140 m de profundidade e, em um raio de 100 m no seu entorno, há criação de animais (bovinos, suínos, aves), lavoura cultivada, esgoto doméstico e domicílios. Amostras de água foram coletadas in loco, em dois eventos com um ano de intervalo, seguindo a metodologia da American Public Health Association para águas subterrâneas. Verificou-se qualitativamente coliformes totais e a bactéria Escherichia coli em 100 ml de amostra sob uso de substrato cromogênico Collitest® , em triplicata, para detecção: após 24 horas de incubação à 35ºC, a presença de coliformes totais por indicativo de mudança de coloração da amostra e após 48 horas de incubação a 35 ºC, a presença de E. coli, através de leitura da coloração da amostra sob luz ultravioleta. Resultados: A análise microbiológica apontou presença de coliformes totais em 100% das amostras e E. coli ausente, em ambos eventos amostrais, demonstrando que não houve alteração na qualidade da água após um ano. Conclusão: A água do poço artesiano em estudo possui padrão microbiológico alterado de acordo com a Portaria nº 2.914/2011, do Ministério da Saúde, e oferece potencial risco à saúde dos consumidores locais, representando a problemática do saneamento básico rural. O tratamento de desinfecção e o monitoramento da qualidade desta água são sugeridos, até que se obtenham resultados satisfatórios para os padrões microbiológicos seguros ao consumo humano.
Publicado
2021-06-11
Como Citar
Sfalcin, I. C. (2021). QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA SUBTERRÂNEA CONSUMIDA NA ZONA RURAL: UMA QUESTÃO DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1172
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