Introdução: O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença inflamatória crônica multissistêmica e autoimune. LES acomete cerca de 10 vezes mais o sexo feminino, preferencialmente jovens e de raça não caucasiana.Objetivos: Estimular maiores estudos acerca da Hidroxicloroquina, em especial o seu efeito cardiotóxico em pacientes lúpicos a longo prazo. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura exploratória com base em artigos completos encontrados na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), nos últimos cinco anos. Inicialmente foram identificados 17 artigos, dos quais 5 foram selecionados manualmente por melhor se relacionarem ao tema. Resultados: Os rins costumam ser os principais órgãos acometidos pela doença, entretanto os fatores cardiovasculares são os mais associados à morbimortalidade de pacientes com LES. A hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) é um dos fármacos mais utilizados no tratamento do LES, pois age como como imunomodulador e anti-inflamatório, e possui uma toxicidade considerada mínima. Atualmente seu potencial de toxicidade reconhecido é o acometimento da retina, sendo o uso limitado a uma dose diária de 5 mg/kg e recomendação de rastreamento anual de campo visual e coerência óptica, principalmente após os 5 primeiros anos de tratamento segundo as diretrizes da Academia Americana de Oftalmologia. Porém alguns estudos demonstram que a HCQ possui efeito cardiotóxico, podendo levar a uma insuficiência cardíaca progressiva e potencialmente irreversível, transplante cardíaco e até mesmo morte. Mesmo após a suspensão da HCQ a resposta clínica do paciente pode variar amplamente, podendo ter uma completa melhora ou ter piora progressiva de sintomas, danos irreversíveis, transplante cardíaco ou até morte. Conclusão: O LES é uma doença autoimune multissistêmica que acomete principalmente o sexo feminino e tem o sistema cardiovascular como um dos principais associados à morbimortalidade pela doença. Embora não seja uma recomendação da Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia (SBR) ou da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), o reconhecimento precoce, a triagem e o diagnóstico de cardiotoxicidade e descontinuação da terapia com HCQ podem diminuir algumas complicações cardíacas.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Lima, C. A. N., Cabral , . A. J. M., Filho , E. F. C. C., Soares, G. L. D. C., & Filho , F. E. A. C. (2021). CARDIOTOXICIDADE EM PACIENTES COM LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTÊMICO TRATADOS COM HIDROXICLOROQUINA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1010
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