INTRODUÇÃO: O lúpus eritematoso neonatal (LEN), é uma patologia imunológica caracterizada pela presença de anticorpos maternos IgG específicos anti-Ro e anti-La capazes de atravessar a barreira placentária, culminando em lesões nos neonatos. As manifestações cardíacas serão abordadas nesse resumo, mas além desta, existem as manifestações hematológicas, hepáticas, cutâneas e neurológicas. OBJETIVOS: realizar revisão bibliográfica acerca da imunopatologia transplacentária em neonatos e suas consequentes manifestações clínicas no âmbito da cardiologia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa nas plataformas PubMed e Scielo, utilizando os descritores do Decs e do MeSH, limitando-se a produções de 2018 a 2021. Foram buscados os termos: “Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic” “immunology” e “pregnancy”. RESULTADOS: O LEN é uma doença autoimune na qual ocorre transferência materno passiva de autoanticorpos contra os antígenos Ro e La do feto. Os anticorpos anti-Ro reconhecem as proteínas celulares Ro52/52kD (presente no núcleo e citoplasma) e a Ro60/60kD (localizada no núcleo e nucléolo). Já os anticorpos anti-La reconhecem a proteína 47kD (situada entre o núcleo e o citoplasma). Durante a gestação, entre a 18ª e 26ª semana, os anticorpos Ro e La maternos se translocam, através da placenta, e ligam-se aos antígenos Ro e La na superfície dos cadiomiócitos fetais. Esses anticorpos maternos são fagocitados pelos macrófagos, gerando inflamação local que resultará na fibrose atrioventricular (AV). Consequentemente, o ventrículo realizará um bombeamento próprio e em ritmo lento, uma vez que não haverá passagem dos ritmos cardíacos atrioventriculares, visto que o nó AV está disfuncional. Além do bloqueio AV, a reação anticorpo-antígeno pode resultar em outras alterações cardíacas, como bradicardia sinusal, prolongamento do intervalo QT, cardiomiopatia, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, miocardite e anormalidades valvares. Para avaliar estrutura, ritmo e função do coração, é recomendado ecocardiografia fetal na 16ª semana de gestação em grávidas com teste positivo para anticorpos anti-Ro e anti-La ou com historia prévia de filho com lúpus neonatal. CONCLUSÃO: As manifestações cardíacas do LEN são significativas em razão de sua gravidade. Assim, o diagnóstico deve ser realizado principalmente pelo acompanhamento médico, por meio da clínica e ecocardiograma fetal. O prognóstico e tratamento dependerão das manifestações cardíacas evidenciadas e do grau de acometimento.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Da Silva, V. C., & Poloni, . M. C. (2021). INFERÊNCIAS DA IMUNOPATOLOGIA CONGÊNITA NAS MANIFESTAÇÕES CARDÍACAS DO LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO NEONATAL. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 64. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1007
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