Introdução: Poli-N-acetil-D-glucosamina (PNAG), é um exopolissacarídeo presente na cápsula de muitas espécies bacterianas. É formado por resíduos de N-acetil-D-glucosamina (GlcNAc), unidos por ligações β (1-6), parcialmente desacetilado. Objetivo: Abordar os principais aspectos de PNAG em espécies bacterianas, desde a sua biossíntese às possíveis aplicações biotecnológicas. Material e métodos: Consistiu-se em uma revisão de literatura, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, na base de dados Pubmed, utilizando como termo de busca a palavra PNAG. Foram encontrados 160 artigos, compreendendo o período de 2000 a 2020. Resultados: De acordo com os dados da literatura, PNAG é expresso por mais de 40 espécies de bactérias divididas em 28 gêneros bacterianos. A maioria bactérias Gram-negativas e patogênicas. Como polissacarídeo presente na cápsula, PNAG fornece proteção da morte fagocítica mediada pelo complemento. PNAG também compõem a matriz extracelular do biofilme de muitas espécies bacterianas, contribuindo para adesão a superfícies e integridade estrutural do biofilme. PNAG foi identificado como um importante fator de virulência, contribuindo para adesão, colonização, evasão do sistema imune, resistência a antibioticoterapia, proteção contra estresse ambiental, além de contribuir para viabilidade celular. Por ser um polissacarídeo capsular conservado presente em muitas bactérias de importância clínica é considerado um importante alvo vacinal. De acordo com estudos publicados, tanto uma vacina (AV0328) como um anticorpo direcionado especificamente a PNAG (mAb F598) foram desenvolvidos, testados com êxito em animais e estão em ensaios clínicos humano. Conclusão: Por ser PNAG um polissacarídeo conservado e expresso por inúmeras bactérias patogênicas, um horizonte de possibilidades futuras é aberto, onde PNAG poderá contribuir para uma melhora nos tratamentos imunoterapêuticos e na prevenção de inúmeras doenças infecciosas através de uma vacina. No entanto, ainda é necessária uma melhor compreensão do papel de PNAG na biologia microbiana, desde a diversidade genética e enzimática envolvidas em sua síntese nas diferentes espécies bacterianas; seu papel na formação de cápsula e biofilme, assim como a ampla proteção que ele fornece contra diferentes bactérias.
Publicado
2021-04-24
Como Citar
Veríssimo, G. S. L., & Ristow, P. C. L. V. B. (2021). POLI-N-ACETIL-D-GLUCOSAMINA (PNAG) EM BACTÉRIAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. Revista Multidisciplinar Em Saúde, 2(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.51161/rems/1006
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